집합론, 그 첫 번째 이야기 | 선택공리를 추가한 체르멜로-프랑켈 집합론 ZFC ( Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory with Axiom of Choice; ZFC Set Theory )  By 초코맛 도비

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1. Axiom of Extension
XY(a(aXaY)X=Y)Two sets with exactly same elements are equal.
2. Axiom of Emptyset
Xa(¬(aX))There exists an emptyset. In other words, there is a set which has no elements.
3. Axiom Schema of Separation :
XYa(aY(aXP(a)))The subset Y of a set X obeying a formula P(a) with one free variable x always exists.
4. Axiom of Pairing
ABX(AXBX)If A and B are sets, then there exists a set which contains A and B as elements.
5. Axiom of Union
XUA(B(ABBX)AU)The union over the elements of a set exists. For example, the union over the elements of the set {{1,2},{2,3}} is {1,2,3}.
6. Axiom of Power Set
XPY(a(aYaX)YP)For any set X, there is a set P which contains every subset of X as elements.
7. Axiom of Infinity
I(IX(XIS(X)I))There is an infinity set. At this point, S(X) is defined as X{X}.

 

The axiom system consisting of a total of seven axioms is called the Zermelo axiom system. This is an axiom introduced by Zermelo to solve the problems of Cantor's accepted collective theory, which implies various paradoxes such as Russell's paradox.

 

8. Axiom of Regularity
X(A(AX)(B(BX¬C(CBCX))))Every non-empty set X contains a member Y such that X and Y are disjoint sets. At this point, two sets a and b are disjoint sets means that ab=.
9. Axiom Schema of Replacement
x!yP(x,y)XY(xXy(yYP(x,y)))The image of a set under any definable function will also fall inside a set.

 

These two axioms are axioms that Fraenkel added to complement the Zermelo axiom, and the axiom system consisting of a total of nine axioms is called the ZF axiom system, short for the Zermelo-Fraenckel axiom system. The set theory that begins based on these axiom is referred to as the ZF set theory.

 

10. Axiom of Choice
S(Sf:SS(A(AS(f(A)A))))For any set S of nonempty sets, there exists a choice function that is defined on S and maps each set of S to an element of the set.

 

The axiom of choice, AC is consistent with the ZF axiom, and if it is accepted as true, there is no logical problem, and if the AC is denied, there is no logical problem. However, in general, AC is accepted, and there are fields in which the existences of those fields become valid only when AC is true. The Zermelo-Fraenkel axiom system with AC is called the ZFC axiom system, and the set theory that starts based on the ZFC axiom system is also called the ZFC set theory.

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